КОРОЛЕВСКИЕ СЛУГИ И ЯКОВИТСКИЙ ДВОР В АНГЛИИ 1603-1625

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-----------------------

[1]напр., Gardiner S. History of England from the Accession of James I to

the Outbreak of the Civil War, 1603-1642. 10 vols., L.-N. Y., 1901-1907.

[2] Chambers E. K. The Court // Shakespeare’s England: An Account of the

Life and Manners of his Age. Oxford, 1962, V. 1., P. 79-111.

[3] Tout T. F. The Chapters in the Administrative History of Mediaeval

England. Manchester, 1920. V. 1. P.18.

[4] Newton A. P. Reforms in the Royal Household // Tudor Studies / Ed. by

R.W. Seton-Watson. N.Y., 1969 (1-е издание 1924 г.). P.232.

[5] Dietz F. C. The Receipts and Issues of the Exchequer during the Reigns

of James I and Charles I.// Smith College Studies in History. 1928. Vol.13.

N. 4. P.158-171.; Он же: English Public Finance 1558-1641. L., 1964 (1-е

изд. –1932.). P.158-171.

[6]Chrimes S. B. An Introduction to the Administrative History of Medieval

England. Oxford, 1952. P.157-158.

[7] Richardson W. C. Tudor Chamber Administration, 1485-1547. N.Y., 1952.

[8]см. работы Д. Элтона: Elton G.R. The Tudor Revolution in Government.

Cambridge, 1953.; England under Tudors. L., 1958.; Reform and Renewal:

Thomas Cromvell and Common Wealth. Cambridge, 1973. Reform and Reformation

in England, 1509-1558. L., 1977.; Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and

Government. 2 vols.; «Tudor government». The Points of Contract III: The

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V.26. P.211-228.

[9]Revolution Reassessed: Revisions in the History of Tudor Government and

Administration. / Ed. by C. Coleman and D. Starkey. Oxford, 1986.; The

English Court: from the Wars of the Roses to the Civil War / Ed. by

D. Starkey. L., 1987.

[10] Elton G. R. Reform and Reformation in England, 1509-1558. L., 1977. P.

219-220. Starkey D. From Feud to Faction // History Today. 1982. V. 32.

P.16-22.; Он же: Tudor Government: The Facts? // The Historical Journal.

1988. V.31. N.4. P. 921-923.

[11] Starkey D. Court and Government // Revolution Reassessed... P.29-58.;

он же: Which Age of Reform?// Revolution Reassessed... P.13-28.

[12] Zagorin P. The Court and the Country .L.,1969. P.41.

[13] Zagorin P. The Court...; Smith A.H. County and Court. L., 1974.; Jones

J.R. Country and Court. L., 1978.; из современных исследований см.: Peck L.

L. Court Patronage and Corruption in Early Stuart England. Boston, 1990.;

Smuts M. Court Culture and the Origins of a Royalist Tradition in Early

Stuart England. Philadelphia, 1987.; The Stuarts Court and Europe. Essays

in Politics and Political Culture/ Ed. by M. Smuts. Cambridge, 1996.

[14] Given-Wilson Ch. The Royal Household and the King’s Affinity: Service,

Politics and Finance in England ,1360-1461. New Haven, 1986.

[15] Loades D. The Tudor Court. New Jersey, 1986.

[16] Prestwich M. Cranfield: Politics and Profits under the Early Stuarts.

Oxford, 1966.; Peck L.L. Northampton: Patronage and Policy at the Court of

James I. L., 1982.; Schreiber R.E. The First Carlisle: Sir James Hay, First

Earl of Carlisle as Courtier, Diplomat and Enterpreneur, 1580-1636 //

Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 1984. Philadelphia.

V.74. Part 7.

[17] Aylmer G. The King’s Servants. The Civil Servants of the Charles I.

1625-1642. L., 1974.

[18] Aylmer G. R. Office-Holding as Factor in English History// History.

1959. V.44. P.228-240.; он же: Office-Holding, Wealth and Social Stracture

in England, c. 1580-c.1720 // Domanda e consumi. Florence, 1978. P. 247-

259.; а также: From Office-Holding to the Civil Service // Transactions of

Royal Historical Society. 5th ser. 1980. V.37. P. 91-108.

[19]В данном контексте выдержан сборник Princes, Patronage and the

Nobility: The Court at the Beginning of the Modern Age, c.1450-1650/ Ed. by

R.G. Asch and A.M.Birke. Oxford, 1991. См. например: Griffits R.A. The

King’s Court during the Wars of the Rouses: Continuities in an Age of

Discontinuities // Ibid. P.41-68.

[20] Smuts M. Court Culture...; Он же: Introduction // The Stuarts Court

and Europe...; Asch R.G. Introdution: Court and Household from Fifteenth to

the Seventeenth Centuries // Princes, Patronage and the Nobility:.. P.1-

40.; Он же: .Der Hof Karls I von England: Politik, Provinz und Patronage,

1625-1640. Koln, 1994.

[21] Smuts M. Introduction// The Stuarts Court...P. 6-7.

[22]Aylmer G. E. The Last Years of Purveyance 1610-1660 // Economic History

Review. 1957. 2th ser. V.10. N.1. P.81-94.; он же: Attempts at

Administrative Reform 1625-1640 // English Historical Revue. 1957. V.72.

N.283. P.229-259.; Seddon P.R. Household Reforms in the Reign James I //

Bulletin of Institute Historical Research. 1980. V. 53. P. 44-55.; Cuddy N.

The Revival of the Entourage: the Bedchamber of James I, 1603 -1625 // The

English Court...P.173-225.; Он же: Anglo-Scottish Union and the Court of

James I, 1603-1625// Transaction of the Royal Historical Society. 1989. 5th

ser. V.39. P.107-124.

[23]Европейское дворянство XVI-XVII вв.: границы сословия / Под ред. В.А.

Ведюшкина. М., 1997.; Королевский двор в исторической перспективе //

Средние века. N.60. С.383-419.

[24]Smuts M. Court Culture... P. 4.

[25] Aylmer G. E. The King's Servants... P. 239-253.; Stone L. The Crisis

of the Aristocracy, 1558-1641. Oxford, 1967. P. 62-68,191-207.

[26] Stuart Royal Proclamations / Ed. by J.F. Larkin and P.L. Hughes.

Oxford, 1973. Vol. I. P. 21-22, 45, 408, 403-404.

[27]Tout T. F. The Chapters...Vol.1. P. 11-13.

[28] Constitutio Domus Regis // English Historical Documents(далее —

E.H.D.). Vol.2. 1042-1189 / Ed. by D.C. Douglas, G.W. Greenway. P. 454-

460.; Tout T. F. The Chapters... Vol.1. P. 82-83.

[29] Chrimes S. B. An Introduction... P. 27.

[30] O Казначействе XII в. см.: Dialogus de Scacario // E.H.D. Vol.2. P.

523-609.

[31] Mortimer R. Angevin England, 1154-1258. Cambridge,1994. P. 64.

[32] Chrimes S. B. An Introduction ... P. 66.

[33] Ibid.

[34] The Household Ordinance of 13 November 1279 //E.H.D..V.3. 1189-1327/

Ed. by H. Rothwell, L., 1975. P. 581-586.; а также: Tout T. F. The

Chapters... Vol.2. P. 158-165.

[35] Given-Wilson Ch. The Royal Household and the King’s Affinity: Service,

Politics and Finance in England ,1360-1461. New Haven, 1986. P. 70-71.

[36] Chrimes S. B. An Introduction ... P. 186,. 198-199

[37] Ibid. P. 199.

[38] Подробнее см.: Richardson W. C. Tudor Chamber Administration, 1485-

1547. N. Y. 1952.

[39] Elton G. R. England under the Tudors. L., 1989. P. 55-56.

[40] Richardson W. C. Tudor Chamber Administration...P. VIII.

[41] Ibid. P. 82-83.

[42] Elton G. R. England under the Tudors. L., 1989. P. 57.

[43] Chrimes S. B. An Introduction ... P. 296.

[44] The Household of the Edward IV: the Black Book and the Ordinance of

the 1478 / Ed. by A. R. Myers. Manchester, 1971. P. 104-106.

[45] Loades D. The Tudor Court... P. 45.

[46] Starkey D. Introduction: Court History in Perspective //The English

Court... P. 4.

[47] Кузнецов К. А. Английская палата общин при Тюдорах и Стюартах. Одесса,

1915. С. 313-314.

[48] Chrimes S. B. An Introduction ... P. 4-5.

[49] Ibid. P. 18.; а также см.: White G.R. The Household of the Norman

Kings// Transaction of the Royal Historical Society. 4th ser. 1948. Vol.30.

P. 127-155.

[50] Сonstitutio Domus Regis // E.H.D. Vol.2. P. 458.

[51] Tout T. F. The Chapters ...Vol.1. P.177.

[52] Ibid. P. 319.

[53] Гнейст Р. История государственных учреждений Англии. М., 1885. С.364.

[54] Loades D. The Tudor Court... P. 203-204.

[55] Given-Wilson Ch. The Royal Household...P. 72.

[56] Elton G. R. England under the Tudors... P. 180-181.

[57] Loades D. The Tudor Court... P. 51.

[58] Сверка персональных данных королевских слуг производилась по: Calendar

of State Papers. Domestic Series.; The Complete English Peerage/ Ed. by

F. Barlow. L., 1775.; The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland. /

Ed. by G.E. Cockein. L., 8vols., 1887-1898.; Nichols J. The Progresses ...

; Dictionary of National Biography.

[59] Loomie A.J. Toleration and Diplomacy: Earliest View of the "Spanish

Faction"// Transaction at the American Philosophical Society. 1963. Vol.53.

Part.3. P. 54-56.

[60]Calendar of State Papers. Domestic Series. Vol.9. 1611-1618(далее-

CSPDom. 1611-1618) / Ed. by M.A.E. Green, L., 1857-1859. P. 133.

[61] О чем свидетельствуют дневники церемониймейстера двора Джона Финета:

Finetti Ptiloxenis: Som Choice Observations of Sir John Finet, Knight, and

Master of the Ceremonies. L.,1656. P. 31.

[62] Cuddy N. The Reval of the Entourage: the Bedchamber of James I, 1603

-1625 // The English Court: P. 213.

[63] Proceedings in parliament 1610 / Ed. E. R Foster. 2 vols. New Haven

and L.,1966. Vol.2 P. 145.

[64] A Jacobean Journal / Ed. by G.B. Harrison Vol.1. L., 1946. P. 117,120.

[65] Finetti Philoxenis...P. 9, 26,28 и др.

[66] Loomie A.J. Introduction // Ceremonies of Charles I . The Note Books

of John Finet 1628-1641. N. Y. 1987. P. 26.

[67] напр., церемония встречи принца Генри в Уайтхолле во время его креации

принцем Уэльским. См.: The Progresses, Processions, and Magnificent

Festivities of the King James the Fist / Ed.by J. Nichols. L., 1828. 4

vols. Vol.2. P. 325 (далее- Nichols J. The Progresses...).; в 1615 г.

французского посла никто не встретил в Приемной палате, т. к. Лорд-камергер

Роберт Карр, граф Сомерсет находился в заключении в Тауэре: Finetti

Philoxenis...P. 28.

[68] E.H.D. Vol.5. 1485-1558. / Ed. by C.H. Williams, L., 1971. P. 514.

[69] The Letters of John Chamberlain/ Ed. by N. E .McClure, 2 Vols.

Philadelphia, 1932. Vol.2. P. 257.

[70] The Letters of John Chamberlain...V.2. P. 618-620.; Nichols J. The

Progresses... V.3. P. 136.

[71] Finetti Philoxenis...P. 36.

[72] Пример бюджета на 1600 г. представленный в: The Tudor Constitution

Document and Commentary / Ed. by G. R. Elton, Cambridge, 1960. P. 46-47.

[73] Loades D. The Tudor Court...P. 75.

[74] Cuddy N. The Revival...P. 200.

[75] Dietz F.G. English Public Finance 1558-1641. L., 1964. P. 113.

[76] Cuddy N. The Revival... P. 200.

[77] Dietz F. C. The Receipts and Issues of the Exchequer during the Reigns

of James I and Charles I // Smith College Studies in History. Vol.13. N. 4.

1928. Р.158-163.

[78] Cuddy N. The Revival... P. 201.

[79] Транскрипция большинства фамилий, за исключением традиционно принятых,

дана по: Рыбакин А. И. Словарь английских фамилий. М., 1986.

[80] CSPDom. 1603-1610. P. 9, 626.

[81] CSPDom. 1611-1618. P. 36.

[82] Cuddy N. The Revival... P. 187-191.

[83] Ibid. P. 186.

[84] Loades D. The Tudor Court... P. 46.

[85] Cuddy N. The Revival... P. 191.

[86] The Letters of John Chamberlain... Vol.2. P. 535.

[87] Ibid. Vol.2. P. 79.

[88] Цит. по: Cuddy N. The Revival... P. 191.

[89] Salisbury Papers.. Vol.24. P. 63-64.

[90] Cuddy N. The Revival... P. 183.

[91] Об участии в приеме послов см.: Finetti Philoxenis...P. 28,

[92]Acts of the Privy Council... V. 6. July 1621- May 1623. P. 324,454.

[93] Asch R.G. Der Hof Karls von England: Politik, Provinz, und Patronage,

1625-1640. Koln, 1994. P. 128.

[94] Loades D. The Tudor Court...P. 45.

[95] Ibid. P. 46.

[96] E.H.D.. Vol.5. P. 513.

[97] подобная инструкция была в 1614 г. адресована Рису Робертсу и Джефри

Кину: Nichols The Progresses...Vol.3. P.11-12.

[98] Среди этих 300 человек 17 представлены как камергеры-привратники без

указания являлись ли они штатными или внештатными слугами и какой именно

части Королевской Палаты, хотя камергеры-привратники входили в состав

различных субдепартаментов. Среди них только один был шотландцем.

Большинство англичан камергеров-привратников были выходцами из авторитетных

семейств, проживавших в прилегающих к Лондону графствах: четверо из них – в

прошлом и будущем шерифы, в том числе Самуил Сандс – сын епископа Йорка, а

один – будущий баронет: Ibid.Vol.1. P. 206- 210.

[99] Ibid. Vol.2. P. 263-264.

[100] Ibid. Vol.1. P. 118.

[101] Ibid. Vol.1. P. 112, 323.

[102] Ibid. Vol.2. P. 103

[103] Ibid. Vol.4. P. 786.

[104] Peck L.L. Court Patronage and Corruption in Early Stuart England. L.,

1990. P. 86.

[105] Nichols The Progresses...Vol.1. P. 699-600.

[106] The Letters of John Chamberlain... Vol.2. P. 69.

[107] E.H.D.. Vol.5. P. 511.

[108] Cuddy N. The Revival... P. 184.

[109] Nichols The Progresses...Vol.1. P. 82.

[110]Chambers E. K. The Court // Shakespeare’s England: An Account of the

Life and Manners of his Age. Oxford, 1962. Vol.1. P. 79-111

[111] Chaucer's World/ Ed. by M.M. Grow and C.C. Olson, N. Y. 1948. P. 142-

144.

[112] Ibid.

[113] Loades D. The Tudor Court...P. 46.

[114] Ibid. P. 52.

[115] Cuddy N. The Revival... P. 183.

[116] Цит по: Cuddy N. The Revival... P. 111.

[117] CSPDom. 1603-1610. P. 205.

[118] Chaucer's World... P. 144.

[119] Nichols The Progresses...Vol.2. P.496.

[120] Prestwich M Armies and Warfare in the Middle Ages. New Haven. 1996.

P.38-41.

[121] Ibid... P. 38-41.

[122] Given-Wilson Ch. The Royal Household...P. 63.

[123] Ibid...P. 63.

[124] Paravicini W. The Court of the Dukes of Burgundy: A Model for Europe?

/ Princes, Patronage and the Nobility: The Court at the Beginning of the

Modern Age, c.1450-1650 / Ed. by R.G. Asch and A.M.Birke. Oxford, 1991, P.

79.

[125] Elton G. R. Reform and Reformation England, 1509-1538. Cambridge,

1977. P. 382-385.

[126] Loades D. The Tudor Court... P. 92 -93.

[127] В 1606 г. гвардейцы сопровождали Якова I и его гостя датского короля

Христиана IV во время их торжественного въезда в Лондон. По словам

очевидцев, гвардейцы сделали "самое достойное и грандиозное зрелище (show),

настолько богаты были облачения как людей, так и лошадей": Nichols The

Progresses...Vol.2. P. 66.

[128] Nichols The Progresses...Vol.1. P. 125-126.

[129] Ibid.

[130] Loades D. The Tudor Court...P. 55.

[131] CSPDom. 1603-1610. P. 13, 424.

[132] В 1617 г. из 25 гвардейцев, взятых Яковом I в Шотландию, 15 были

посвящены в рыцари, из них, пожалуй, только Арнольд Герберт, Сандерс Горинг

возможно имели отношение к известным фамилиям, а Ричард Грин был клерком

гвардейцев и одновременно — Гофмаршальской конторы Хаусхолда.: Nichols The

Progresses...Vol.3. P. 367.

[133]см.: Holles G. Memorials of the Holles Family, 1493-1656. L. 1937

[134] CSPDom. 1603-1610. P. 655.

[135] Dietz F. C. The Receipts and Issues of the Exchequer... P. 159-163.

[136] Cuddy N. The Revival... P. 181.

[137] CSPDom. 1603-1610. P. 9.

[138] при этом он упоминается как капитан стражи, что говорит о его

фактическом руководстве гвардейцами: Proceedings in Parliament, 1610.

Vol.1. P. 3.

[139] CSPDom. 1611-1618. P. 441, 494.; The Letters of John Chamberlain...

Vol.2. P. 58-59.

[140] The Letters of John Chamberlain... Vol.2. P. 58-59.

[141] CSPDom. 1603-1610. P. 44, 48, 97, 123.; Dietz F. C. The Receipts and

Issues of the Exchequer... P. 159-163.

[142] CSPDom. 1603-1610. P. 338.

[143] Tout T. F. The Chapters ... Vol.2. P. 135.

[144] В 1606 г. во встрече короля Дании участвовало 9 жандармов: Nichols

The Progresses...Vol.2. P. 66.

[145] Smuts M. Court Culture ... P. 136-137.

[146] Подробнее об истории Works в XVI-XVII вв. см: The History of the

King's Works Vol.3. Part I: 1485-1660. / Ed. by H. M. Colvin L., 1975.

[147] Smuts M. Court Culture ... P. 129, 137.

[148] Hall H. The Court Life under the Plantagenets. L., 1890. P.249.

[149] Loades D. The Tudor Court... P. 109.

[150] Nichols The Progresses...Vol.1. P. 598.

[151] Ibid. Vol.1. P. 154-155.; The Letters of John Chamberlain... Vol.1.

P. 467

[152] The Letters of John Chamberlain... Vol.1. P. 282

[153] Nichols The Progresses...Vol.2 P. 24,108, 123, 387;

[154] Constitutional Documents of the Rein of Jemes I. 1603-1625/ Ed. by.

J.P. Tanner, Cambridge, 1952. P. 138

[155] The Letters of John Chamberlain... Vol.2. P. 542.

[156] Ibid. Vol.2. P. 125.

[157] CSPDom. 1611-1618. P. 510.

[158] Stuart Royal Proclamation... Vol.1 P. 358-359.

[159] Nichols The Progresses...Vol.2. P. 190-191.

[160] Loades D. The Tudor Court... P. 172.

[161] В 1614 г. Декан, Субдекан и хор принимали участие в приеме короля в

одной из лондонских торговых компанией, поскольку Субдекан являлся ее

членом: Nichols The Progresses...Vol.2. P. 139-153.

[162] Smuts M. Court Culture ... P. 32.

[163] Дмитриева О.В. Сотворение божества : сакрализация культа Елизаветы I

Тюдор // Средние века. вып. 58, 1995, С. 159.

[164] Trevor-Roper H. Medicine at the Early Stuart Court// Trevor-Roper H.

From Counter-Reformation to Glorious Revolution. Chicago, 1992. P. 27-46.

[165] Nichols The Progresses...Vol.2. P. 65.; Fineti Philoxenis...P. 24.

[166] Aylmer G.E. The King’s servants... P. 26-27. ; Akrigg G.P.V. Jacobean

Рageant or the Court of James I. Cambridge, 1962. P. 27.

[167] A Jacobean Journal / Ed. by G.B. Harrison, Vol. 1. L., 1946. P.48.

[168] Сuddy N. The Revival...P.174-175.

[169] Akrigg G.P.V. Jacobean Pageant...P.24

[170] Nichols J. The Progresses...Vol.1. P.122.

[171] Cuddy N. The Conflict Loyalties of a "Vulger Counselor": the Third

Earl of Southampton, 1597-1624 // Public Duty and Private Conscience in

Seventeenth-Century England/ Ed. by J. Morrill, Oxford, 1993. P. 121-150.

[172] Newton A. P. Reforms in the Royal Household // Tudor Studies/ Ed. by

R.W. Seton-Watson, N.Y., 1969. P.233.; Aylmer G.E. The Attempts at

Administrative Reform, 1625-1640 // English Historical Review. N.72. 1957.

P.229-259.; Loades D. The Tudor Courts... P. 78

[173] Подробнее см. работы Д. Старки: Starkey D. L. Intimacy and

Innovation: the Rice of the Privy Chamber, 1485-1558 // The English

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